The amounts and types of luggage a person may take during a trip on an airplane depend on a lot of variables. One is the luggage travel policies of the air transportation company. Another is the luggage travel policies of the governments of the states, countries, or territories that the person will travel to. Also important is the practicality of bringing the specified any specified amount for the passenger.
First let us see the luggage travel policies of most airlines. Most airline companies have separate restrictions and classifications for carry on and checked baggage. Carry on or hand baggage is a bag that you can take with you to the cabin of the airplane and stored in the overhead baggage compartments during flight.
It is important to take note of the size restrictions of carry on baggage for every trip especially when traveling with multiple airline or airplane types as the size of the overhead baggage carrier may be different with each part of the journey.
Checked baggage is the bag that is stored in the baggage areas on the undercarriage of a plane for the duration of the flight. Most airlines have a free allowance limit on the size and weight of checked baggage. Going over this free allowance limit may mean an additional fee. However, there is also a maximum limit for personal baggage and any items that go over these limits might need to be checked in as freight or cargo. Check with you airline for their specific luggage travel policies.
It is always best to check with the local and destination travel authorities for their luggage travel policies especially for restricted items like weapons or bladed objects and for carry on liquids and other items. There can be differences in policies in different territories and airports so advanced checking are always prudent.